Advancement in mobile phone technology has been marked by generation (G). Analog phones are related to the 1st generation (1G), and then come digital phones marked second generation.
Second Generation (2G) technology:
was launched in the year 1991 in Finland. It is based on the technology known as global system for mobile communication or in short we can say GSM. This technology enabled various networks to provide services like text messages, picture messages and MMS.
In this technology all text messages are digitally encrypted due to which only the intended receiver receives the message. These digital signals consume less battery power, so it helps in saving the battery of mobiles.
The technologies used in 2G are either TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) which divides the signal into different time slots or CDMA (code division multiple access) which allocates a special code to each user so as to communicate over a multiplex physical channel. Because different types of technology utilizes in 2G mobiles, there are different types of mobiles according to the technology incorporate into them. Let see the 2G technologies use in mobiles and their functions as they work. This second generation mobile phone has changed the concept of mobile phones by introducing high data transfer rate, increased frequency band and wireless connectivity.
3G technology generally refers to the standard of accessibility and speed of mobile devices. It was first used in Japan in the year 2001. The standards of the technology were set by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). This technology enables the use of various services like GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM) mobile television and video conferencing It not only enables them to be used worldwide, but also provides with better bandwidth and increased speed.
This technology is much more flexible as it can support 5 major radio technologies that operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA. CDMA accounts for IMT-DS (direct speed), IMT-MC (multi carrier). TDMA holds for IMT-TC (time code), IMT-SC (single carrier). This technology is also comfortable to work with 2G technologies. The main aim of this technology is to allow much better coverage and growth with minimum investment.
The 3G services work using a “cellular” based technology; the signals are passed from phone tower to phone tower, and then the tower nearest the phone passes the signal to it. This is why there has been a rapid growth in the number of phone towers in the UK; these towers ensure that a widespread strong and reliable signal is available. It also means there can be dipped in service as you move around, as the signal switches from tower to tower and as you move too far from a tower.
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